疏肝益阳胶囊对炔雌醚诱导大鼠生精紊乱和氧化应激的缓解作用

笔者拟探讨疏肝益阳胶囊(SGYY)对炔雌醚(QES)诱导大鼠生精紊乱和氧化应激的缓解作用及机制。将20只8周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,适应饲养1周后,进行药物灌胃处理,对照组:0.1mL生理盐水+0.1mL橄榄油;SGYY组:100 mg·kg-1 SGYY;QES组:0.1 mg·kg-1 QES;QES+SGYY组:0.1 mg·kg-1 QES+100mg·kg-1 SGYY。QES溶于橄榄油;SGYY溶于生理盐水;每天1次,连续2周。处理结束后,取睾丸、附睾、精囊腺和前列腺称重、测量长径与短径,并制备睾丸组织切片,通过HE染色,观察睾丸生精小管组织结构、生精细胞比例的变化;通过免疫组织化学方法检测睾丸生精细胞PCNA表达,Tunel法检测细胞凋亡;分离血浆,检测睾酮含量变化。取睾丸匀浆检测抗氧化酶活性。结果显示,QES处理后大鼠生殖器官的质量显著下降,附睾的精子数量显著减少;生精小管的面积、直径、生精上皮的高度和生精细胞数量均显著减少。而且,生精细胞的PCNA表达和血浆睾酮含量明显下降,Tunel阳性细胞数明显增加。睾丸SOD、GSH-Px和T-AOC活性显著下降,MDA含量显著升高。SGYY增加生殖器官质量、精子数量、睾丸睾酮含量、增殖的生精细胞数量和抗氧化酶活性,降低了MDA含量和Tunel的表达。结果表明,SGYY通过改善抗氧化功能、抑制氧化应激及促进睾酮分泌等途径增加了生精细胞数量并提高睾丸的生精功能。     

不同疏水性氨基酸对α-螺旋抗菌肽生物学活性的影响

天然抗菌肽具有较强的杀菌能力,但其较高的细胞毒性会使肽的细胞选择性降低。为了提高抗菌肽的选择特异性,本研究拟探讨不同疏水性氨基酸对α-螺旋抗菌肽生物学活性的影响及其抑菌机制。笔者采用α-螺旋肽GRX_2RX_3RX_2RG作为模板,分别以疏水性氨基酸色氨酸(Try,W)、苯丙氨酸(Phe,F)、缬氨酸(Val,V)、丙氨酸(Ala,A)、亮氨酸(Leu,L)和异亮氨酸(Ile,I)来替换X位置,得到了一系列富含疏水氨基酸的肽GW、GF、GV、GI、GA和GL。本研究检测了抗菌肽的二级结构、溶血活性、抑菌活性、盐离子活性,并对其抑菌的作用机制进行了研究。结果表明:通过CD光谱试验检测出GF、GI、GA和GL在细胞膜模拟环境中均表现出典型的α螺旋结构,而GV只在TFE中呈现α螺旋结构;溶血试验结果表明,GV和GA在浓度为128μmol·L^-1未表现出溶血活性,而其他肽均表现出较高的溶血活性;抑菌试验发现GV的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)的几何平均值为3.7μmol·L^-1,并具有最高的治疗指数(TI);盐离子稳定性试验表明,在NH_4^+、Zn²⁺和Fe³⁺中GV对大肠杆菌25922(E.coli ATCC 25922)的抑菌能力较稳定。进一步通过扫描电镜和内膜通透性试验对抗菌肽GV的抑菌机制进行分析,结果观察到GV能够通过穿透E.coli ATCC 25922和金黄色葡萄球菌29213(S.aureus ATCC 29213)促使细胞内容物流出而导致细菌死亡,以及通过时间和剂量依赖的方式穿透细菌内膜。综合以上结果,富含Val的GV具有较高的细胞选择性和成为高效抗菌药物的发展潜力。     

Histological and immunohistochemical studies of the proximal caecum and caecal tonsils of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

The proximal caecum in quails consists of lymphoid and non‐lymphoid structures. The caecal tonsils in the proximal part of the caecum are units of gut‐associated lymphoid tissue in poultry. This study aimed to examine the histological characteristics of the proximal caecum, as well as compositions of dendritic cells (DCs) and antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) in the caecal tonsil of quails. Tissue sections were stained with Crossman's triple, periodic acid–Schiff, Gordon and Sweet's silver, Congo red and methyl green‐pyronin dyes, as well as immunohistochemically by the streptavidin–biotin–peroxidase complex method. Caecal lymphoid tissue was located in the lamina propria and submucosa. Germinative centres were observed within the lymphoid tissue. Reticular fibres were mainly distributed in the border area of the germinal centre with only a few fibres scattered in the centre. Plasma cells were observed in the subepithelial region and germinal centres. Eosinophil granulocytes were prevalent in the lymphoid tissue. Additionally, CD83‐immunoreactive DCs and MHC class II immunoreactive APCs were present in the subepithelial area and diffuse lymphoid tissue. While DCs were seen in the germinal centres of tonsillar units, APCs were rarely present in the germinal centres, but they were noticed around the germinal centres. In conclusion, the histological structure of the proximal caecum in quails and the distributions of some immunological cells in the caecal tonsils were revealed. Therefore, the defensive role of the caecal tonsils in the digestive system may be better understood, and comparative studies may be carried out.     

Histopathological findings in the early diagnosis of granulosa cell tumour in bitches

Granulosa cell tumour (GCT) is a majorly observed ovarian tumour in female dogs. It is essential to diagnose GCT in its initial phase before any symptoms occur, as histological and physiological differences may be observed based on the evolution of this neoplasia. This study aimed to analyse the anatomic histopathology of GCT in its initial stage, with findings of ovaries not yet with the suspicion of neoplasms in the Canis familiaris. A sample including 55 ovaries presented GCT in 40 female dogs. The histopathological analysis was performed considering the intensity of pleomorphism, vascularization and inflammatory infiltrate. Furthermore, we evaluated the mitoses count in 10 fields using 40× magnification. Out of the 40 animals evaluated, 62.5% (25/40) presented the tumour in only one ovary. The Call‐Exner corpuscle was present in 65% (26/40) of the cases. The follicular histological pattern was present in 52.5% (21/40) of the animals. The presence of the Call‐Exner bodies and the degree of tumour cell pleomorphism (p = 0.033) were associated. Moreover, the degree of vascularization and the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate were also related (p = 0.001). In addition, there was a positive relationship between the increase in pleomorphism and the mean age of the animals (p = 0.044). This study confirmed that the appearance of this tumour may precede any clinical symptomatology. In this study, the most frequent histopathological pattern was the follicular. The characteristics of the granulosa cell tumour diagnosed early were poorly pleomorphic cells, low mitotic index and presence of Call‐Exner body.     

过表达IL-6对山羊毛囊干细胞增殖和迁移的影响

旨在通过在山羊毛囊干细胞(HFSCs)中过表达炎症因子白细胞介素6(IL-6),探讨其对山羊HFSCs增殖和迁移的影响,阐明MAPK/ERK信号通路在山羊HFSCs增殖和迁移过程中发挥的作用。本试验通过构建pXJ40-myc-IL-6过表达载体,瞬时转染到山羊HFSCs中,以空载体细胞为空白对照组。利用Western blot定量检测IL-6蛋白的表达,MTT法检测山羊HFSCs的增殖活力,划痕试验判定山羊HFSCs的迁移能力,最后采用Westernblot检测山羊HFSCs中MAPK/ERK和P38信号通路中关键激酶的表达水平。结果表明,将获得的IL-6过表达载体转染至山羊HFSCs3d后,与对照组比较,山羊HFSCs的增殖活力出现抑制,且抑制效果持续至第7天(P<0.05)。IL-6过表达载体转染至山羊HFSCs24h后,处理组划痕部位的愈合率达到84.2%,显著低于对照组的98.5%(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,MAPK/ERK信号通路中的关键激酶ERK1/2的磷酸化水平(p-ERK1/2)显著下调(P<0.01),P38信号通路中的关键激酶p38的磷酸化水平(p-p38)表达量上调,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。综上所述,过表达IL-6基因对山羊HFSCs的增殖和迁移能力具有抑制作用,且过表达IL-6可能是通过MAPK/REK信号通路对山羊HFSCs增殖和迁移发挥负性调控作用,以上结果为揭示山羊HFSCs的迁移及组织修复机制的研究提供依据。     

稳定表达猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白的CHO-K1细胞系的建立及免疫原性分析

建立高表达PCV2-Cap蛋白的CHO-K1悬浮稳转细胞系,鉴定蛋白的免疫原性,为开发新型且有效防治猪圆环病毒的亚单位疫苗奠定基础。构建重组质粒pEE12.4-PCV2-Cap,转染CHO-K1细胞,通过加压筛选,有限稀释,细胞悬浮驯化及Western blot检测得到高表达Cap蛋白的悬浮稳转单克隆细胞株,并对该细胞株进行发酵,纯化得到的目的蛋白,通过小鼠免疫验证其免疫原性。结果表明PCV2-Cap蛋白能够在CHO-K1细胞中正确表达;发酵过程中活细胞密度高达6×10~6个·mL^-1,细胞活力在80%以上,PCV2-Cap蛋白表达量约为370 mg·L^-1;利用间接ELISA检测小鼠免疫后血清中的抗体水平,证明了利用CHO-K1细胞生产的Cap蛋白具备良好的免疫原性。本研究成功构建了表达PCV2-Cap蛋白的CHO-K1悬浮稳转细胞系,并进一步对目的蛋白进行免疫原性分析,为猪圆环病毒亚单位疫苗的开发打下扎实的基础。     

蜂胶抗炎功效成分研究

为确定中国杨属型蜂胶的抗炎功效成分,用100ng/ml脂多糖(LPS)和40μg/ml氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)分别诱导脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVECs)损伤。通过SRB法分别检测蜂胶水提物中分离的11种组分和蜂胶乙酸乙酯提取物中分离的8段组分对2种炎症细胞模型细胞存活率的影响。结果表明:蜂胶水提物中的11种组分不同程度的促进2种炎症细胞的细胞存活率,乙酸乙酯提取物中的8段组分也是不同程度的提高2种炎症细胞的细胞存活率。由此可知,蜂胶的抗炎功效成分十分复杂,很可能是多种成分协同功效的结果,而且酚酸类物质发挥了一定的作用。     

老年猪耳成纤维细胞建立及克隆胚胎发育

为保存江苏地方猪种的种质资源,通过采集猪耳结合低温运输进行老年猪耳组织块贴壁培养,建立猪耳成纤维细胞,进而将细胞扩繁传代并冷冻保存。通过规范采样流程,结合低温运输方式,使运输时间达到8h以上,扩大了采样范围,同时,使污染风险由前期的30.77%(13头)降低到目前的8.3%(12头)。虽然老年猪耳成纤维细胞在初期游离到铺满培养瓶需要21d,远高于胎儿(怀孕24d的胚胎)成纤维细胞,但其后期的冻存与解冻培养均不受影响。随后,利用手工克隆技术生产克隆胚胎,老年猪耳成纤维细胞作为供体囊胚率(27.04±4.08)%与新生猪耳成纤维细胞作为供体囊胚率(28.8±2.37)%相比,无显著差异(P>0.05)。本试验结果证明老年猪耳成纤维细胞培养及冻存的可行性,为利用体细胞与体细胞核移植对地方猪种种质资源的保存提供支持。     

丝素蛋白-氧化石墨烯多孔微球支架的制备及性能测试

为了拓展丝素蛋白(SF)在组织工程等生物医学领域的应用,采用微乳液-冷冻相分离技术制备丝素蛋白-氧化石墨烯(SF-GO)复合多孔微球支架,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及热重分析(DTG-TG)等方法对SF-GO复合支架的化学结构和形貌等理化性质进行分析表征。结果表明,宏观上SF微球支架和SF-GO复合微球支架均呈现为表面规则平滑的球形且粒径均匀,但SF-GO微球支架比SF微球支架有更大的微孔结构;加入氧化石墨烯后,微球支架的热稳定性能得到明显改善。体外细胞培养实验表明该微球支架有良好的生物相容性,且SF-GO复合微球支架比普通SF微球支架更能够促进骨髓间充质干细胞的黏附和增殖。